Prof. Germana Henry Laswai

Prof. Germana Henry Laswai

Professor in Animal Nutrition

Germana Henry Laswai is a Tanzanian Senior Professor in the Department of Animal, Aquaculture, and Range Sciences,  born in 1958 in Rombo District, Kilimanjaro. She is married with three children and five grandchildren. Prof. Germana LAswai is a PhD graduate of the University of Reading and since 2007 she has been serving as a full professor in Animal Nutrition at the Department.

Currently, she is supervising and providing lectures in Animal Nutrition and Management for both undergraduate (Introduction to Animal Nutrition, Applied Animal Nutrition, Poultry and Rabbit Management) and postgraduate (Comparative Animal Nutrition) students. Most of her research interests are in Animal Nutrition and physiology, Management, and Socio-economic studies. Prof. Germana Laswai was employed at the Sokoine University of Agriculture as a Tutorial Assistant in 1983 – 1986. She was promoted to Assistant Lecturer from 1986 – 1992. In 1992 she was promoted to a Lecturer position and served the position until 1996. Prof. Laswai’s promoted to Senior Lecturer in 1996 and served the position until 2003. In 2003 to 2007 was promoted to Associate Professor.

Prof Laswai served as a member in various boards of faculties and institutions and in various committees. She is currently serving as a Vice Chairperson of the Tanzania Dairy Board (TDB) and an Honorary Treasurer of the SUA Alumni. She is also a member in the following Professional bodies: Tanzania Society of Animal Production (TSAP); Sokoine University of Agriculture Staff Association (SUASA); Member, Sokoine University of Agriculture Alumni & Member, Twiga Ujirani Mwema Community Association

 

Funded Research Projects

  1. Improvements of production and quality of meat from slaughtered indigenous cattle in Tanzania through innovative feeding (COSTECH 2021-2023)
  2. AgResults Dairy Productivity Challenge (Land-O-Lakes, 2019-2024),
  3. Validation of an in-vitro gas production method for feed evaluation using rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle’ ASARECA (2013-2016),
  4. Enhancing dairy-based livelihoods in India and Tanzania through feed innovation and value chain development approaches (IFAD/ILRI/CIAT (2012-2014),
  5. Improving beef cattle productivity for enhanced food security and efficient utilization of natural resources in the Lake Victoria basin (SIDA-VicRes 2012- 2014),
  6. Development of Regional Ruminant Feed Database, ASARECA (PLF PRJ 04, 2010-2011)
  7. Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources, ASARECA (PLF PRJ 03, 2009 to 2011),
  8. Efficient Utilization of Feed Resources, ASARECA (A-AARNET Project 1 FS-B, 2006 to 2008,
  9. Income Generation through Market Access and Improved Feed Utilization (IGMAFU)- Production of quality beef and goat meat (DANIDA, ENRECA, 2006 to 2011),
  10. Local knowledge and management of animal genetic resources among Maasai pastoralists in Tanzania,(FAO/LinKS, 2004-2005)
  11. African Smallholder Livestock Production, Co-operation in Research, Development and Training, (DANIDA, ASLIP, 2000-2005),
  12. Small and Micro-Enterprise Development with Conservation of Biodiversity in the Tarangire-Lake Manyara Ecosystem Complex, (USAID SUA-TU linkage 2002 to 2004),
  13. Commercialization of cassava root meal as livestock feed, (NORAD/TARPII, 2000 – 2005),
  14. Dry season feeding of ruminant animals in the Southern Highlands Zone, (NORAD/TARP II, 2000 – 2005),
  15. Investigations on the Performance of Livestock Feed Industry and future perspectives, (ASARECA/ FOODNET, 2000 to 2004),
  16. Effectiveness of ash extract in improving the feeding value of poor-quality roughage materials to ruminant animals (NORAD/TAN 091, 1998 – 2002),
  17. Role of medicinal plant use for animal health care in dynamic pastoral production systems, (FAO/LinKS 1999- 2001),
  18. Gender perspective and local knowledge on Animal Health and Livestock Production Systems, (FAO, 1995 -1997).

TEACHING

  1. List of courses

Courses in Animal Nutrition to undergraduates and postgraduates, Courses in Animal management, specifically monogastric management for both undergraduates and postgraduates

  1. Students Supervision

Had supervised more than 200 undergraduates, 30 Masters and 20 PhD students

 

PUBLICATIONS

  1. Books
    • Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M. Mtenga, L.A., Ndikumana, J and Zziwa, E. 2013. Chemical Composition and Nutritional Values of Feed Resources for Ruminants. Eastern and Central Africa (ECA) feedstuff table for Ruminants 2013. ASARECA Publications.
    • Doto, S.P., Kimambo, A.E., Mgheni, D.M., Mtenga, L.A., Laswai, G.H., Kurwijila, L.R. Pereka, A.E., Kombe, R.A., Weisbjerg, M.R., Hvelplund, T., Madsen, J. and Petersen, P.H. (2004). Tanzania Feedstuff Table for Ruminants.ENRECA (SUA-MU/RVAU-DIAS) and ASLIP Projects, SUA, Morogoro. Tanzania. 71p
    • Laswai, G.H. Mutayoba, S.K. Temu, A.A. and Kusolwa, P.M. 2002. Feed Table 2002: Chemical Composition of Poultry Feedstuffs in Tanzania. SUA/ASARECA/FOODNET. Business/Image Graphics and Promotion, Dar. 23p

 

  1. Journal Articles
    • Ayo, E. M., Matemu, A. Laswai, G. H. and Kimanya M. E. 2018. An in vitro evaluation of the capacity of local Tanzanian crude clay and ash-based materials in binding aflatoxins in solution. Toxins Dec. 2018, 10, 510; doi:10.3390/toxins10120510 www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins
    • Ayo, E.M., Matemu, A., Laswai, H. and Kimanya, M.E. 2018. Socioeconomic Characteristics Influencing Level of Awareness of Aflatoxin Contamination of Feeds among Livestock Farmers in Meru District of Tanzania. Hindawi Scientifica Volume 2018, Article ID 3485967, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3485967
    • Mpemba C, Laswai G H and Kimambo A E 2018. Comparison of rumen liquor from fistulated and slaughtered cattle in determination of in vitro digestibility of ruminant feeds. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 30, Article #11. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd30/1/char30011.html
    • Lutakome, P. Tibayungwa, F. Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A. and Ebong, C. 2017. Rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle as inoculums for feed evaluation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2017.06.010
    • Asimwe, L., Kimambo, A., Laswai, G., Mtenga, L., Weisbjerg, M., Madsen, J., Safari, J. 2016. Meat yield and quality of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses/maize grain with agro-processing by-products in 90 days feedlot period. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 117:125–135.
    • Kashaigili1, J. J. K., Zziwa, E.,  Ernest, S., Laswai, E.,Segatagara, B.M.,  Mpairwe, D., Kadigi1, R. M. J.,Ebong, C., Mugasi, S. K., Laswai, G.H.,  Mupenzi, M., Ngowi, P.J. and Kadigi I.L. 2015. Implications of Land Use Land Cover Change and Climate Variability on Future Prospects of Beef Cattle Production in the Lake Victoria Basin. American Journal of Climate Change 4:461-473
    • Asimwe L., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai G.H., Mtenga L.A., Weisbjerg, W.R. and Madsen J. 2015. Effect of days in feedlot on growth performance, carcass and meat quality attributes of Tanzania shorthorn zebu steers. Tropical Animal Health and Production DOI 10.1007/s11250-015-0801-z
    • Zziwa, E., Mpairwe, D., Mugasi, S.K., Laswai, G.H. 2015. Beef production practices and responses to climate change in the rangelands of Lake Victoria Basin in Uganda. International Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. p-ISSN: 2165-882X    e-ISSN: 2165-8846 2015;  5(2): 121-130 doi:10.5923/j.ijaf.20150502.05
    • Mpairwe, D., Zziwa, E. Mugasi, S.K. and Laswai, G.H. 2015. Characterizing beef cattle value chains in agro-pastoral communities of Uganda’s Lake Victoria Basin. Frontiers in Science 5(1):1-8.
    • Shirima, E.J.M., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Mushi, D.E., Shija, D.S. and Safari, J.G. 2014. Influence of age at entry and level of concentrate feeding on growth and carcass characteristics of feedlot-finished Tanzanian long-fat-tailed sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 46:815–822.
    • Mutimura, M. Myambi, C.B. Gahunga, P., Mgheni, D.M., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Gahakwa, D. Kimambo, A.E. and Ebong, C. 2013. Rumen liquor from slaughtered cattle as a source of inoculum for in vitro gas production technique in forage evaluation. Agricultural Journal 8 (4): 173-180.
    • Kadigi, I.L., Muhiche, L., Kadigi, R.M.J., Makindara, J., Laswai, G.H., Kashaigili, J.J. 2013. E-Ng’ombe: A Mobile Phone ICT to tackle the pitfall of information asymmetry in the value chain of indigenous beef cattle in Mwanza region, Tanzania. Agic. Economics and Rural Development. 1:7
    • Kadigi, R.M.J., Kadigi, I.L., Laswai, G.H., Kashaigili, J.J. 2013. Value chain of indigenous cattle and beef products in Mwanza region, Tanzania: market access, linkages and opportunities for upgrading. Academia J. of Agricultural Res. 1(8):145-155.
    • Shija, D.S., Mwilawa, A.J., Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga, L.A. and Mgheni, D.M. 2013. Carcass composition of Boran and Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu steers finished under different concentrate levels in Tanzania. Anim. Prod. Advan. 3(7):219-225
    • Dismas S. Shija, Louis A. Mtenga, Abiliza E. Kimambo, Germana H. Laswai, Daniel E. Mushi, Dynes M. Mgheni, Angello J. Mwilawa, Eligy J. M. Shirima and John G. Safari 2013. Chemical Composition and Meat Quality Attributes of ndigenous Sheep and Goats from Traditional Production System in Tanzania. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 26, No. 2 : 295-302
    • Dismas S. Shija, Louis A. Mtenga, Abiliza E. Kimambo, Germana H. Laswai, Daniel E. Mushi, Dynes M. Mgheni, Angello J. Mwilawa, Eligy J. M. Shirima and John G. Safari 2013. Preliminary Evaluation of Slaughter Value and Carcass Composition of Indigenous Sheep and Goats from Traditional Production System in Tanzania. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 26, No. 1 : 143-150
    • Shirima E. J. M., Mtenga L. A., Kimambo A. E., Laswai G. H., Mushi D. E., Mgheni D. M., Safari J. G. and Shija D. S. 2012. Preliminary Evaluation of Slaughter and Carcass Traits of Castrates of Tanzanian Long Fat-Tailed Sheep Slaughtered at Different Ages. J Anim Prod Adv 2012, 2(12): 510-520
    • Shirima, E.J.M., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai,G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Mkwanda, A.T. and Lemoringata, T.S. 2012. Effects of period of stay in feedlot on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tanzanian long fat-tailed sheep. Livestock Research for Development 24 (02) http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd24/2/cont2402.htm site visited on 20.02.2012.
    • Lyimo, H.L.N., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Mgheni, D.M. Hvelplund, T., Weisbjerg, M.R. and Madsen, J. 2010. Performance of crossbred calves raised on different dietary treatments under smallholder dairy farm conditions. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 22 (3). http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/3/cont2203.htm site visited on 2.3.2010.
    • Laswai, G.H., Lyimo, H.L.N., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Mgheni, D.M., Hvelplund, T., Madsen, J. and Weibjerg, M. 2007. Effects of local concentrate and weaning age on the performance of crossbred calves. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 16:419-423.
    • Laswai, G.H., Mtamakaya, J.D., Kimambo, A.E., Aboud, A.A. and Mtakwa, P.W. 2007. Dry matter intake, in vivo nutrient digestibility and concentration of minerals in the blood and urine of steers fed rice straw treated with wood ash extract. Animal Feed science and Technology 137: 25-34
    • Mtengeti, E.J., Magne Mo, Phiri, E.C.J., Chibunda, R.T., Laswai, G.H., Urio, N.A., Pereka, A.E., Mtenga, L.A., Mbwile, R., Mgasa, M.N., Muhikambele, V.R., Israel, S.H., Mwakilembe, A. and Ayo, E. 2006. Effects of regrowth period, season and harvesting frequency on the yield and nutritive value of Chloris gayana in the southern highlands of Tanzania. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 23(2): 107-111.
    • Ntakwendela, I., Mtenga, L.A., Pereka, A.P., Chenyambuga, S.W., Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A.E. and Muhikambele, V.R.M. 2002. Effects of substituting sunflower cake with Acacia tortilis as protein source of supplementary diets of Small East African goats. Tanzania J. Agric. Sciences 5:39-47
    • Masha, E.K., Kimambo, A.E., Kanuya, N., Mgheni, D.M., Mtenga, L.A., Weisbjerg, M.R., Laswai, G. H. and Hvelplund, T. 2004. Effect of pregnancy on intake and digesta kinetics in crossbred heifers fed urea treated rice straws. Journal of Animal and Feed Science 13: Suppl. 1 643-646.
    • Gimbi, A.A., Kimambo, A.E., Kanuya, N.L., Mtenga, L.A., Laswai, G.H. and Madsen, J. 2004. Effect of concentrate supplementation on plasma minerals and performance of smallholder dairy cattle Journal of Animal and Feed Science 13: Suppl. 1 487-490.
    • Lyimo, H.L.N., Laswai, G. H., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Hvelplund, T. and Weisbejerg, M.R. 2004. Dry matter and crude protein digestibility of locally prepared concentrates by calves at different ages. Journal of Animal and Feed Science 13: Suppl. 1 147-150.
    • Lyimo, H.L. N., Mtenga, L. A., Kimambo, A. E., Hvelplund, T., Laswai, G.H. and Weisbjerg, M.R. 2004. A survey on calf feeding systems, problems and improvement options available for the smallholder dairy farmers of Turiani in Tanzania. Livestock Research for Rural Development. http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd16/4/lyim16023.htm
    • Kimambo, A. E., Laswai, G. H., Mtamakaya, J. D., Aboud, A.A. and Mtakwa, P. 2003. Dry matter intake, in vivo nutrient digestibility and concentration of minerals in the blood and urine of steers fed rice straw treated with wood ash extract. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 3 (Special volume): 54.
    • Kimambo, A.E., Aboud, A.A., Laswai, G.H., Nkenwa, P., Anthony, D. and Mtamakaya 2003. Investigations on quantity and physical-chemical quality of wood ash in improving the feeding values of poor-quality roughage feeds for ruminants. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems 3 (Special volume): 53.
    • Sarwatt, S.V., Laswai, G.H. and Ubwe, R. 2003. Evaluation of the potential of Trichanthera gigantea as a source of nutrients for rabbit diets under smallholder production system in Tanzania. Livestock Research for Development, http://www.cipav.co/lrrd15/11sarw1511.htm.
    • Laswai, G.H., Close, W.H. and Mtenga, L.A. 2001. Effects of energy intake and dietary protein concentration on energy partition and energetic efficiency in growing pigs. Tanzania J. Agric. Sciences 4:75-82
    • Laswai, G.H., Close, W.H and Mtenga, L.A. 2001. Effects of castration, level of feeding and body weight on energy partition and efficiency of energy utilization in growing pigs. Tanzania J. Agric. Sciences 4:15-22
    • Laswai, G.H., Close, W.H. and Longland, C.A. 2000. Estimation of body tissue gain of entire and castrated male pigs at two feeding levels and three body weights, using energy/nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter techniques. Tanzania J. Agric. Sciences 3:47-54.
    • Laswai, G.H. Lugembe, K.K.M., Mosha, R.D. and Kimambo, A.E. 2000. Estimates of nutrient digestibility, growth performance, slaughter traits and blood parameters in rabbits fed diets containing various levels of Crotalaria ochroleuca. World Rabbit Sci. Ass. Vol. 8 Suppl. 1:305-311.
    • Aboud, A.A.O., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai G. H. and Mushi, D. K. 1999. Effect of molasses urea blocks (MUB) as strategic dry season supplement to yearling heifers raised on low quality roughages. Sudan J. Anim. Prod. 12:17-34.
    • Laswai, G.H., Lekule, F.P., Kimambo, A.E., Sarwatt, S. V. and Sundstfl F. 1998. The effect of processing method of dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) on the digestibility and performance of growing-finishing pigs. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1:121-129.
    • Laswai, G. H.; Ocran, J. N. Lekule, F. P. and Sundstfl, F. 1997. Effects of dietary inclusion of Leucaena leaf meal with and without ferrous sulphate on the digestibility of dietary components and growth of pigs over the weight range 20-60 kg. Animal Feed Science and Technology 65:45-57.
    • Aboud, A.A.O., Kimambo, A.E., Moshy, D.P.K. and Laswai, G.H. 1996. Molasses Urea Blocks for strategic dry season feeding of yearling heifers. Tanzania Vet. Journal, Supplement 1 Vol.167:54-69.
    • Mtenga L. A. and Laswai G. H. 1994. Leucaena leucosephala as a feed for rabbits and pigs: detailed chemical composition and effect of level of inclusion on performance. Forestry Ecology and Management 64:249-257.
    • Tailor, J. A., Salter, D. N., Close, W. H. and Laswai, G. H. 1992. Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 and cholesterol in relation to protein and fat deposition in growing pigs. Prod. 55:257-264.
    • Taylor, J. A., Salter, D. N., Close, W. H. and Laswai, G. H. 1992. Effects of feeding level and sex on lymphocyte ß-receptor numbers in growing pigs. Physiol. 446:193P.
    • Taylor J. A. Salter, D. N. Close W. H. and Laswai G. H. 1991. Effects of feeding level and sex on fat deposition and serum cholesterol in growing pigs. Prod. 52:602 (Abstr).
    • Laswai G. H., Close W. H. and Keal H. D. 1991. The voluntary food intake of modern pig genotypes. Prod. 52:601 (Abstr).
    • Laswai G. H., Close W. H., Sharpe C. E. and Keal H. D. 1991. The influence of level of feeding on nutrient partition and energy metabolism in pigs of different growth potential. Prod. 52:570 (Abstr).
    • Laswai G. H., Mtenga L. A. and Shirima L. L. 1990. Effects of sex and level of Leucaena inclusion in broiler mash on growth, feed utilization and slaughter characteristics of rabbits. Afr. Agric. For. J. 56:1-6.
    • Swai G. D., Mtenga L. A. and Mgheni M. 1985. Observations on the effect of sex, litter size and age on the body weights of rabbits. Beitrage Trop. Land Wirtsch Vet. Med. 23:345-347.

 

  1. Book Chapters
    • Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Mtenga, L.A., Ndikumana, J. and Zziwa E. 2013. Eastern and Central Africa Feedstuff Table for Ruminants. ASARECA Publications.
    • Adu, E., Paterson, R., Rojas, F. Laswai, G., Fielding, D. and Osafo, E. 2005. Grasscutters, guinea pigs and rabbits. In: Livestock and Wealth Creation by E. Owen, A. Kitalyi, N. Jayasuriya and T. Smith (Editors) Pg. 325-341 DFID/LPP, Nottingham University Press

 

  1. Conference/Workshops/Seminar Papers
    • Wassena, F.J., Lukuyu, B., Mangesho, W.E., Laswai, G.H., Bwire, J.M.N., Kimambo, A.E. and Maass, B.L. 2013. Determining feed resources and feeding circumstances by applying FEAST: usefulness and lessons learned in Tanzania. Poster at Tropentag Conference ‘Agricultural development within the rural-urban continuum’, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, 17-19 Sep. 2013.Book of Abstracts p. 353. Available at: http://www.tropentag.de/2013/abstracts/links/Maass_3LNR7sHm.pdf
    • Wassena, F. J. W., Lukuyu, B., Mangesho, W.E., Laswai, G.H., Bwire, J.M.N., Kimambo, A.E. and Maass, B. L. 2013. Determining feed resources and feeding circumstances: Usefulness and lessons learned in applying the Feed Assessment tool ‘FEAST’ in Tanzania. http://www.tropentag.de/2013/abstracts/links/Maass_3LNR7sHm.pdf
    • Ngowi J. P., Laswai, G.H., Chang’a, E.P., Kadigi, R.M.J. and Kashaigili, J.J. 2013. An assessment of the beef cattle finishing systems in Mwanza region. Paper presented at the 36th TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at Olasit Garden, Arusha 22 to 25th October 2013.
    • Ebong, C. Mutimura, M., Myambi, C.B., Gahunga, P., Mgheni, D.M., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., 2011. Effects of starch levels on fermentation kinetics and its applications for estimation of rumen degradable protein of feeds using gas production technique. Paper presented at ASARECA LFP Conference held in Bujumbura, from 31st to 4th Nov. 2011
    • Shirima, E.J.M., Mtenga, A., Kimambo,  A.E., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Mushi, D.E.,  and Safari, J.G.  2011. A tip to increase market value of meat from Tanzanian long fat-tailed sheep: Manipulating   feedlot entry-age and levels of molasses-based diets. Paper presented at the 34th TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at Olasit Garden, Arusha 25th to 27th October 2011
    • Shija, D.S., Mtenga, L.A., Mushi, D.E, Kimambo, A.E., Mwilawa, A.J., Safari, J.G., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M. 2011. Variation in slaughter characteristics and carcass compositions of indigenous goats and sheep from traditional production system in Tanzania. Paper presented at the 34th TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at Olasit Garden, Arusha 25th to 27th October 2011
    • Shija, D.S., Mtenga, L.A., Mushi, D.E, Kimambo, A.E., Mwilawa, A.J., Safari, J.G., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M. 2011. Effects of species and ageing on the quality of meat of indigenous goats and sheep from traditional system in Tanzania. Paper presented at the 34th TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at Olasit Garden, Arusha 25th to 27th October 2011
    • Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo A.E., Mgheni, D.M., Komwihangilo, D. Bwire, J.M., Mutimura, M., Minani E, Musalia, L.M. 2011. Development of Eastern and Central African. Feed Database and Feed Table for ruminants. Paper presented at the 34th TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at Olasit Garden, Arusha 25th to 27th October 2011
    • Kitalyi, A.J., Kabatange, M., Laswai, G.H. Mgheni, D.M and Ngowi, M. 2011. Women and Livestock development; opportunities and challenges in changing climate regime. Keynote paper presented at the 34th TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at Olasit Garden, Arusha 25th to 27th October 2011
    • Laswai, G.H., Haule, M.E., Mwaseba, D.L., Kimambo, A.E., Madsen, J. and Mtenga, L.A. 2011. An assessment of attitude towards selling livestock among the pastoralists in Ngorongoro district of Tanzania. Paper presented at EAAP Scientific Conference: http//www.eaap.prg/Stavanger/paper/published/S46/
    • Mawona, F.G., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A. and Mgheni, D.M. 2010. Performance of cattle fattening enterprises in Mwanza region, Tanzania. 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Addis Ababa 25th to 28th Oct. 2010.
    • Madsen, J., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai, G.H., Hvelplund, T. and Weisbjerg, M.R. 2010. Opportunities for production of tender high-quality beef in Tanzania. 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Addis Ababa 25th to 28th Oct. 2010.
    • Mwilawa, A.J., Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga, L.A. Laswai, G.H., Madsen, J., Hvelplund, T., Weisbjerg, M., Christensen, M. and Mgheni, D. M. 2010. Growth performance and the economy of producing quality beef in Tanzania. Proc. 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Addis Ababa 25th to 28th 2010.
    • Haule, M.E., Laswai, G.H., Mwaseba, D.L., Kimambo, A.E., Madsen, J., Mtenga, L.A. and Mwilawa, A. J. 2010. An assessment of attitude towards selling livestock among the pastoralists in Ngorongoro district of Tanzania. 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Addis Ababa 25th to 28th Oct. 2010.
    • Shija, D.S., Mwilawa, A.J., Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga, L.A. and Mgheni, D.M. 2009. Evaluation of carcass composition of steers from two breeds finished under different dietary treatments. Proceedings of the 33rd TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at BOT Hall in Mwanza, Tanzania from 22nd to 24th 2009.
    • Madsen, J. Kimambo, A.E. Hvelplund, T. And Laswai, G.H. 2009. Opportunities for production of tender high-quality beef in Tanzania. Proceedings of the 33rd TSAP Annual Scientific Conference held at BOT Hall in Mwanza, Tanzania from 22nd to 24th 2009

 

  • Madsen, J., Cristensen, M., Hindrichsen, I.K., Larsen, C.E.S., Hvelplund, T. and Weisjerg, M.R., Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga, L.A., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Mwilawa, A.J., Mutetikka, D.B. and Mpairwe, D. 2008. A case study on the existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania. Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Capetown, South Africa. Abstract No 7, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
  • Mapunda, F.M., Mtenga, L.A., Ashimogo, G.C., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D., and Mwilawa, A.J. 2008. A case study on the existing and potential market opportunities for quality beef in Tanzania. Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Capetown, South Africa. Abstract No 5, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
  • Nandonde, S., Tarimo, M., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Madsen, J., Hvelplund, T. and Weisjerg, M. 2008. Assessment on the availability of cattle and feeds for quality beef production in Tanzania. Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Capetown, South Africa. Abstract No.82, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
  • Kombe, R. A., Kimambo, A.E., Aboud, A.O., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Weisjerg, M., Hvelplund, T. and Mgheni, D.M, 2008. Effect of formaldehyde treatment of cotton seed cake and molasses supplementation on nitrogen utilization by steers fed low-quality hay. Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Capetown, South Africa. Abstract No. 23, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
  • Mwilawa, A.J., Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga, L.A., Madsen, J. Hvelplund, T., Weisjerg, M., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Cristensen, M and Chenyambuga, S.W. 2008. Effects of breed and diet on growth and killing out characteristics of beef cattle. Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Agriculture held in Capetown, South Africa. Abstract No. 35, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
  • Lyimo, H.L., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Mgheni, D.M., Hvelplund, T.and Weisjerg, M. 2008. Performance of crossbred dairy calves on different feeding strategies under smallholder farms in sub humid eastern part of Tanzania. Book of Abstracts for the 10th World Conference on Animal Production held in Capetown, South Africa. Abstract No. 47, Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands
  • Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga, L.A., Aboud, A.A.O., Laswai, G.H & Mgheni, D.M. (2007). Challenges of Feeding animals in Harsh Tropical environment. Proceedings of the 2nd Joint TSAP/TVA Scientific Conference held at AICC Arusha Tanzania from 29th to 1st Dec. 2007
  • Kimario, F.M., A.E. Kimambo, G.H. Laswai, A.A.O. Aboud, P. Mtakwa and L.A. Mtenga (2007) Effect of the method of treating rice straws using wood ash extract on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of lambs. A paper presented In Kenya Society for Animal production symposium held in Mpatwa Mombasa from 15th to 16th March 2007
  • Mgheni, D. M., Mtenga, L.A., Bwire, J.M., Doto, S.P., Kimambo, A. E. Laswai, G. H., Bareeba , F. B., Mupenzi , M. Musalia, L. M. and Nijimbere, A. (2007) Feed Resource Database Development for East and Central Africa in Ruminants. A paper presented In Kenya Society for Animal production symposium held in Mpatwa Mombasa from 15th to 16th March 2007
  • Nandonde, S.W., Tarimo, M., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Madsen, J., Hvelplund, T. and Weisbjerg, M.R. 2007. Assessment on the availability of major feed resources for quality beef production in Tanzania. Proceedings of the 2nd Joint TSAP/TVA Scientific Conference held at AICC Arusha Tanzania from 29th to 1st  Dec. 2007
  • Mwilawa, A.J., Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga L.A., Madsen, J., Hvelplund, T., Weisbjerg, M.R., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M., Hindrichsen, I., and M. Christensen. 2007. Production of quality beef in Tanzania: Testing different systems. Proceedings of the 2nd Joint TSAP/TVA Scientific Conference held at AICC Arusha Tanzania from 29th Nov. to 1st Dec. 2007.
  • Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A.E., Yona, G.K., Mgheni, D.M., Hvelplund, T. and Weisbjerg, M. (2007). Evaluation of the effectiveness of Enzymes Solubility Technique (EST) in estimating digestibility of selected tropical forages. The proceedings of the VII International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores. 17-22 Sept.2007. Beijing, China
  • Lekule, F.P., Shem, M.N., Sarwatt, S.V., Laswai, G.H., Mutayoba, S.K. and Malole, J.L. 2006. Cassava in livestock feed. Workshop on promotion of cassava. 24 – 26 Aug. 2006. Dar es Salaam.
  • Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A.E. and Mosha, C.J.S. 2006. The state of quality and safety of compounded animal feeds in Tanzania. Paper presented at FAO/IFIF/DLP Conference on Good Practices for the Animal Feed Industry in South and East Africa, Nairobi Kenya 26-28 June 2006.
  • Kimario, F.M., Kimambo, A.E. Laswai, G.H., Aboud, A.A.O., Mtakwa, P. and Mtenga, L.A. 2005. Effect of the method of treating rice straws using ash extract on dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and growth performance of lambs. In: P. Rowlinson, C. Wachirapakorn, P. Pakdee and M. Wanapat, M. (Editors). Integrating Livestock-crop Systems to Meet the Challenges of Globalisation. Proc. AHAT/BSAS International Conference held on 14th – 18th Khon Kaen, Thailand.
  • Laswai, G.H. Mbaga, S.H. Das, S.M. Minja, M.M.J. Mruttu, H. Mwilawa A. Comoro, C. J. and Sendalo, E. 2005. A study on the dynamics of Local Knowledge among Maasai Communities with a Particular Focus on Preferences and Criteria for Livestock Breeding and Selection. Paper presented at the symposium on the LinKS activities held in New Africa Hotel Tanzania, on 10th to 12th 2005.
  • Laswai, G.H., Mbaga, S.H., Das, S.M., Minja, M.M.J., Mruttu, H. Mwilawa, A., Comoro, C. J. and Mwaigomole, G. 2004. Local knowledge among Maasai communities with a particular focus on preferences and criteria for livestock breeding and selection. In: Proc. TSAP Vol. 31:183-190.
  • Madsen, J., Hvelplund, T., Weisbjerg, M.R., Mlay, P.N.S., Kimambo, A.E., Mtenga, L.A., Laswai, G.H. and Mgheni, D. 2004. What are optimum rations for livestock. In: TSAP Vol. 31:51-59.

 

  • Doto, S.P., Weisbjerg, M.R., Hvelplund, T., Kimambo, A.E., Mgheni, D., Mtenga, L.A., Laswai, G.H. and Mgheni, D. 2004. The Tanzania feedstuff table for ruminants. In: TSAP Vol. 31:46-50.
  • Marstrand, D.M., Hansen, H., Madsen, J., McAinsh, C.V., Larsen, C.E.S., Kimambo, A.E., Laswai, G.H., Mgheni, D.M. and Pereka, A.E. 2004. Livestock banking in Africa- The tragedy of the commons and/or a blessing for the poor? In: TSAP Vol. 31:1-9.
  • Laswai, G. H., Kimario, F.M., Kimambo, A. E., Aboud, A.A. and Mtakwa P. 2004 Determination of the appropriate conditions of spraying rice straws with wood ash extract for improving availability of nutrients to ruminants. Paper presented at the Regional Livestock Conference on “Livestock Revolution: Challenges and Opportunities for the Livestock Industry in East Africa” held in Nairobi from 15th to 18th March 2004.
  • Mutayoba, S.K., Shem, M.N., Lekule, F.P., Sarwatt, S.V., Laswai, G.H. and Malole, J.L. 2003. Assessment of cassava as energy source in broiler diets. ISTRC Symposium, 10 – 15 Nov. 2003, Arusha, Tanzania.
  • Shem, M.N., Lekule, F.P., Sarwatt, S.V., Laswai, G.H., Mutayoba, S.K. and Malole,L. 2003. Cassava utilisation for dairy cattle in Kibaha and Dar es Salaam. ISTRC Symposium. 10 to 15th Nov. 2003, Arusha. Tanzania.
  • Lekule, F.P., Shem, M.N., Sarwatt, S.V., Laswai, G.H., Mutayoba, S.K. and Malole, J.L. 2003. Cassava enters the livestock feed industry in Tanzania. Paper presented at SARRNET Workshop 20th to 23rd May 2003, Lusaka Zambia.
  • Mutayoba, S.K., Laswai, G.H., Lekule, F.P., Malole, J.L. and Michael, S. 2003. Cassava in poultry feeds. Impact on farmers in Kibaha district. Paper presented at MAFS-SUA Collaborative Research Workshop, Morogoro. 26th to 27th May 2003
  • Mutayoba, S.K., Lekule, F.P., Shem, M.N., Laswai, G.H., Sarwatt, S.V., Malole, J.L. and Michael, S. 2003. Assessment of cassava commercialisation and the effect of feeding cassava on the performance of chickens. In: Proceeding 13th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops (ISTRC) held in AICC, Arusha Tanzania from 10 to 14th
  • Gimbi, A., Kimambo, A.E., Kanuya, N.L., Mtenga, L.A., Laswai, G.H. and Madsen, J. 2003. Seasonal variation on reproductive performance, mineral and body condition status of smallholder dairy cattle in Rungwe district, Tanzania. In: Proc. TSAP Vol. 30:333-341.
  • Lyimo, H.L.N., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Hvelplund, T. and Weisbjerg, M.R. 2003. Pre-weaning performance of crossbred dairy calves reared on locally prepared calf concentrate. In: Proc. TSAP Vol. 30:321-332.
  • Lekule, F.P., Laswai, G.H., Mutayoba, S. K., Malole, J. L. and Kasara, A.S. 2002. Effect of feeding cassava-based diets on growth performance and feed efficiency of growing pigs. TSAP/TVA Conference, Arusha. Dec. 2002.
  • Lekule F.P., Shem, M.N., Laswai, G.H., Sarwatt, S.V., Mutayoba, S.K., Makindara, J., Mbwile, R.P. and Mtunda, K. 2002. Cassava processing technology for livestock feeding. Cassava root meal in commercial livestock feeds in Tanzania. 1st Collaborative research Workshop on food Security. 245 – 252.
  • Lekule, F.P., Shem, M.N., Laswai, G.H., Sarwatt, S.V., Mutayoba, S.K., Makindara, J., Mbile, R.P. and Mtunda, K. 2002. Cassava root as a source of energy in commercial livestock feeds. AICAD Seminar in Nairobi, 23rd July 2002.
  • Lekule, F.P., Shem, M.N., Laswai, G.H., Mutayoba, S.K., Makindara, J., Mbwile, R.P. and Mtunda, K. 2002. Cassava processing technology for livestock feeding: Cassava root meal in commercial livestock feeds in Tanzania. MAFS-SUA Collaborative Research Workshop, 28th – 39th May 2002. Morogoro. Tanzania
  • Gimbi, A.A., Kimambo, A.E., Kanuya, N.L., Madsen, J. and Laswai, G.H. 2002. Reproductive performance of Smallholder dairy cattle in Rungwe District, Tanzania. TSAP/TVA joint conference, AICC, Arusha 3rd to 5th 2002.
  • Lyimo, H.L.N., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Kimambo, A.E., Hvelplund, T. and Weisbjerg, M.R. 2002. Nutrient availability to calves under restricted suckling system in the Smallholder dairy farms. TSAP/TVA joint conference, AICC, Arusha 3rd to 5th 2002.
  • Stephen, J. Sokombi, E., Bitanyi, S., Kazwala, R.R., Mbaga, S.H., Kusiluka, L. J. M and Laswai, G.H. 2002. Poverty alleviation through smallholder dairying: experiences of Mogabiri Farm Extension Centre-Tanzania. Proceedings of the Joint TSAP/TVA Scientific Conference.
  • Laswai, G.H., Mtengeti, E.J., Urio, N.A., Pereka, A., Magne, Mo, Mgassa, M. Phiri, E., Mbwile, R., Mtenga, L.A., Muhikambele, V., Chibunda, R., Israel, S., Muhikambele, A. and Ayo, E. 2002. Assessment of quality and quantity of feed resources for dairy animals in the low plains of Makambako division in Njombe district. TSAP/TVA joint conference, AICC, Arusha 3rd to 5th 2002.
  • Kimambo, A.E., Aboud, A.A., Laswai, G. H., Mtakwa, P., Antony, N. and Mtamakaya, J. D. 2002. Investigation on quantity and physical-chemical quality of wood ash in improving the feeding values of poor quality roughage feeds for ruminants. Paper presented at the Scientific Symposium on Environment, held at the University of Dar es Salaam, 23rd to 29th 2002.
  • Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A.E., Mtamakaya, D. Aboud, A.A. and Mtakwa, P. 2002. Voluntary feed intake and nutrients digestibility of rice straw treated with wood ash extract and urea fed to steers. Paper presented at the TSAP/TVA joint conference, AICC, Arusha 3rd to 5th 2002.
  • Mtengeti, E.J., Urio, N.A., Pereka, A.E., Magne, Mo, Mgasa, M.N., Phiri, E.C.J., Mbwile, R., Laswai, G.H., Mtenga, L.A., Muhikambele, V.R., Chibunda, R.T., Israel, S.H., Mwakilembe, A. and Ayo, E. 2003. Performance of selected MPTs under smallholder dairy farmers’ home garden plots in the Njombe district, southern highlands of Tanzania. In: Batamuzi, E.K. and Tarimo, A.J.P. (eds) Towards Food Security, Research on Production-processing Marketing and Utilisation. 2nd collaborative Research Workshop on Food Security, 28 –30 May. TARP II SUA Project, Morogoro, Tanzania. Pp 246-251.
  • Mtenga, L.A., Mbwile, R., Pereka, A.E., Laswai, G.H. and Chibunda, R.T. 2001. A report on inventory of livestock husbandry practices in selected villages in the Njombe district. Tanzania Agricultural Research Phase II. Sokoine University of Agriculture Project, Tanzania.

 

  • Laswai, G.H., Maeda-Machangu, A.D., Mutayoba, S.K. Lazaro, E.A., Mwaseba, D.and Kimambo, E.S. 2000. Indigenous knowledge with gender perspectives on animal husbandry practices: A case study in Tanzania. Paper presented at 3rd All Africa Conf. Animal Agriculture, Alexandria, EGYPT, 6-9th 2000.
  • Lazaro, E.A., Maeda-Machang’u, A., Laswai, G.H., Kimambo, A.E., Mutayoba, S.K. and Mwaseba, D. 2000. Local knowledge: A resource in the improvement of livestock production systems in Tanzania. 1st Univ. Wide Sci. Conf. Vol. 2. pp 99 – 104.
  • Laswai, G.H. and Sentozi, H. 1999. Nutritional quality and factors affecting production of commercial poultry feeds in Dar es Salaam. 4th Annual Res. Conf. FoA SUA. Pp 267-271.
  • Maeda, T.G.P.J., Mtengeti, E.J., Matovelo, J.A., Laswai, G.H. and Ndemanisho, E.E.1999. Effect of substituting sunflower seed cake (ssc) with morus alba (mulberry) on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of rabbits. 4th Annual Res. Conf. FoA SUA. Pp 178-188.
  • Laswai, G.H, Maeda-Machangu, A.D., Mutayoba, S.K. Lazaro, E., Mwaseba, D. and Kimambo, E.S. 1999. The changing face of pastoralism: What is the dilemma of the pastoral women. 2nd General Assembly Int. Conf.: Women, Science and Technology for Sustainable Development, Cape Town, South Africa, II pp 269-274.
  • Kimambo, A.E., Katambala, V. and Laswai, G.H. 1998. The possibility of using ash to improve the nutritive value of maize stover. In: Proceedings of the 25th TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 166-173.
  • Laswai G.H., Masaki, E.N. and Maselle, R.M. 1998. Evaluation of the potential of Crotalaria ochroleuca as a protein source in the diets of growing pigs. In: Proc. of the 25th TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 146-156.
  • Mutayoba, S.K.; Maeda-Machangu, A.D.; Laswai, G.H.; Kimambo, E.; Lazaro, E.A. and Mwaseba, D. 1998. Gender perspective and local knowledge in livestock production and animal health. In: Foods, Lands and Livelihoods. Setting Research Agendas for Animal Science. BSAP Conference, KARI, Nairobi, Kenya 27-30 Jan. 1998.
  • Kimambo, A.E.; Moshi, D.P.K. Aboud, A.A.O. and Laswai, G.H. Effects of molasses urea blocks (MUB) supplementation on utilization of poor quality roughage by yearling heifers. In: Proceedings of the 2nd FoA Research Conference, SUA.
  • Laswai, G.H; Lekule, F.P. and Kimambo, A.E. 1998. The effect of processing method of Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus Sweet) on the protein quality and nutrient digestibility of pigs. Towards the 21st Century. The research and Technological Thrust in the Development of Agriculture: Proceedings of the 2nd Faculty of Agriculture Annual Research Conference, SUA Morogoro. 25- 27 Sept. 1996: 104-112.
  • Laswai, G.H.; Lekule, F.P. and Kimambo, A.E. 1996. The effect of processing method of Dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus Sweet) on the protein quality and nutrient digestibility by pigs. In: Proceedings of the 23rd TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 195-204.

 

  • Laswai, G.H.; Lugembe, K.K.M.; Mosha, R.D. and Kimambo, A. E. 1996. Evaluation of Crotalaria ochroleuca (Marejea) as a protein source in rabbit diets. In: Proceedings of the 23rd TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 205-214.
  • Maeda-Machang’u, A.D.; Mutayoba, S.K.; Laswai, G.H.; Kurwijila, R.V. and Kimambo, E.S. 1995. Local knowledge in health in different livestock production systems in Tanzania. In: Proceedings of the 13th TVA Scientific Conference, Arusha.
  • Kimambo, A. E.; Chamatata, B. A.; Shem, M. N. and Laswai, G. H. 1995. Evaluation of cotton seed hulls as dry season roughage feed for ruminant animals in Tanzania. In: Proceedings of the 1st FoA Research Conference, SUA, pp 342-355.
  • Kimbi, E.C. and Laswai, G.H. 1995. Nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala to growing rabbits. In: Proceedings of the 22nd TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 94-104.
  • Laswai, G.H.; Mutayoba, S.K.; Maeda-Machangu, A.D.; Kurwijila, R.V. and Kimambo, E.S. 1995. Local knowledge and gender roles in animal husbandry in different livestock production systems. In: Proceedings of the 22nd TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 249-260.
  • Laswai, G.H. and Close, W.H. 1994. The effect of energy intake and dietary protein concentration on the energy partition and energetic efficiency in growing pigs In: Proceedings of the 21st TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 195-206.
  • Laswai, G.H., Lekule F.P. and Ocran, J.N. 1994. Feeding value of leucaena leaf meal in pigs. In: Proceedings of the 21st TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha, pp 207-220.
  • Moshi, D. P. K. and Laswai, G. H. 1993. Evaluation of the nutritive value of three species of forage species using rabbits. In: Proceedings of the 20th TSAP Scientific Conference, Arusha. pp 278-288.
  • Laswai G. H., Close W. H., Sharpe C. E. and Keal H. D. 1991. Nutrient partition and energy metabolism in pigs of different body weights and growth rates. In: Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals (eds. C. Wenk and M. Boessinger). pp 90-94. Kartause Ittingen, Switzerland.
  • Taylor J. A., Salter D. N., Close W. H., Laswai G. H. and Hudson A. 1990. Effects of feeding level and sex on nitrogen retention and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in growing pigs. Proceedings of Nutrition Society 50: 62A.

 

COMMUNITY SERVICE AND OTHER ENGAGEMENTS

Involved in various professional and public boards at different capacities as follows:

– Vice Chairperson, of the Tanzania Dairy Board (TDB) 2019-2020.

– Chairperson, College of Agriculture (CoA) Research and Publications Committee, from 2014 to 2017

– Member, Senate Research and Publications Committee, from 2003 to 2017

– Member, FoA Research and Publications Committee, from 1996 to 2012

– Treasurer of the SUA Convocation as from 2012 to 2019

– Member, Tanzania Dairy Board (TDB) as from 2012 to 2015 and 2017 to 2020

– Member, Research Management Committee of EPINAV, NORAD Funded Programme since 2011 to 2016

– Member, interim committee of the Association of All Africa Animal Agriculture (AAAA) from 2010 to 2015

– Member, Technology Transfer Management team from 2007 to 2011

– Member of the organising committee of Annual TSAP conferences from 2000 to 2013

– Member of the organising committee of All Africa Conferences on Animal Agriculture in 2000, 2005 and 2014

– Member of the organising committees for Joint TSAP/TVA Conference in 2002 and 2007

– Member of the Technical Committee for the Matriculation Exams from 2005 to 2008

– Member, SUA Peer Educators for the control of HIV from 2002 to 2011

– Member of the Board of SUA Primary school from 2002-2004

– Chairperson of the Women Catholics Tanzania (WAWATA) in Parish Kola Church from 2010-2016.

 

CONTACT INFORMATION

P.O. Box 3004 Morogoro – Tanzania

Telephone:                            + 255 23 260 4617;(Office)

Mobile:                                   +255 754 572 647

Fax:                                        +255 23 260 4562

E-mail:                                    laswaig@sua.ac.tz, laswaig1@gmail.com

Google Scholar Link:               Google Scholar

ResearchGate Link:                   ResearchGate

Laswai