Kilosa, Tanzania – March 2025
A new study published in the Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety has revealed significant meat mislabeling in Kilosa District, Tanzania, raising concerns about food fraud, consumer rights, and public health. The research, conducted by scientists from Sokoine University of Agriculture including Edward J. Dule, from College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Charles M. Lyimo, from College of Agriculture, Edson Kinimi, Gymary G. Bakari, Robert A. Max, and James .R. Mushi, from College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, utilized High-Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis, enhanced DNA barcoding to identify the species composition in meat products sold at local markets.
The team collected and analyzed 80 meat samples labeled as beef, goat, chicken, or pork from butcheries and street vendors across Kilosa. Using mitochondrial DNA barcoding techniques and HRM analysis, the researchers successfully authenticated the animal species in each sample. Shockingly, about 28% of the samples were mislabeled with some beef products containing goat or pork, and pork occasionally sold as beef or goat.
“This level of mislabeling not only violates consumer rights but also poses serious religious, ethical, and health implications, particularly in communities with dietary restrictions,” said Dr. Charles Lyimo, one of the study’s co-authors.
The study emphasized the importance of DNA-based methods for species identification, as traditional inspection methods are often unable to detect processed or adulterated meat. HRM-enhanced DNA barcoding proved to be a fast, cost-effective, and highly accurate tool for detecting meat fraud.
Researchers recommend that regulatory bodies in Tanzania strengthen food authentication protocols and invest in molecular diagnostic tools to ensure food integrity and safety. They also urge for awareness campaigns to educate consumers and vendors about proper labeling practices.
This is the first study of its kind in the region and serves as a wake-up call for tighter enforcement of food labeling laws and improved traceability within the meat value chain.
The Department of Animal, Aquaculture, and Range Sciences
The College of Agriculture, Sokoine University of Agriculture
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